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Reefkeeping made easy- what was not explained.

899500 Views 1783 Replies 195 Participants Last post by  hackshobby
here are a few threads that were started in another forum about what is going on in our system. hopefully some of you all will read the information here and start to get a handle on what makes our systems work or not work. I know this may require some reading and those on the internet are allergic to reading threads that are not theirs, but give this thread a go. I am hoping that it will answer most of the questions you may have about reefkeeping. these first three posts may be a bit disjointed. as they came from the other thread. I will try and edit them so that they flow a bit better and lead into each other better.

the biggest things we will be discussing in this thread are the biological process that are going on in our systems. these biological process are what most of the false information that is out there is about. this includes reef forums and LFS. The two main elemental processes we will be discussing are the Nitrogen and Phosphate cycles that are occurring in our systems. these two elements lead to the greatest confusion about what is going on in our little slices of ocean.

There will be a lot of information in this thread. I will be linking to other threads with even more reading and papers on the subject at hand for even further reading. This hobby is easy if you understand what is going on, if you do not care to understand what is going on and listen to a lot of false information out there, then this hobby can be very frustrating and lots of wasted money.
I would anybody to ask questions if they need clarifications. I will try and keep things as short as possible to keep the reading down to a minimum, but some of this stuff is fairly long winded in general.

G~

UPDATE

A sort of Table of Contents for the thread. please feel free to PM any subjects or pages i should add to the contents.

Introduction: Page 1
Nitrogen cycle: Pages 1-2, 22
Phosphates: Page 3, 31
Sources of Phosphates: Page 3
Phosphate Cycle Graphics: Page 35
Early Tank Processes: Page 30
Problems with Sand: Page 4, 19
Sandbed Cleaning:page 7
DSB's: Page 9
BB Alternatives: Page 25
About LR: Page 8
LR Purging: Page 19, 26
Cured LR: Page 23
Tank Flow: Page 7
Light: Pages 13-15
Kalkwasser: Page 12, 17
Feeding: Pages 17-19
Zoax: Pages 15-17
Carbon Dosing: Pages 24-25
Tank Self Feeding: Page 27
Conservation of Matter: Page 28
Beer!: Pages 6-7
Bad Experts: Page 19
Definitions according to Spanky: Page 21
My Reference Links: Page 37
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simple or macro?
or are you looking for this answer?? zooxanthellae and they are found in large quantites on coral reefs.


or are you asking for the the conditions aspect?
geoff i got you.


the darker spots are less algae and the brighter orange spots are higher amounts.
meaning algae grows in cold water better, with higher nutrients.

am i there yet?
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There are three types of algae: red, green and brown. Some algae in the ocean are very small and drift in the ocean water. Those algae are phytoplankton. The most abundant type of algae is brown algae, with over 5,000 species (not all are totally brown). Red algae has over 2,000 species, and lives where light is dim, in deeper waters, mostly in temperate and tropical waters. Green algae is more common on land and in fresh water systems, but is the least common in the ocean where about 800 are known to exist.
There are more than 7,000 different species of algae. Most live in the oceans, but they also live in fresh water and even on land. ... Also, algae produces about 330 billion tons of oxygen each year.

Ecology.com
geoff i got you.


the darker spots are less algae and the brighter orange spots are higher amounts.
meaning algae grows in cold water better, with higher nutrients.

am i there yet?
I would not say colder, there is a lot on the coast too....

leme try a map
I was thinking some part had to do with water depth, but now that i look at it maybe not....

not a lot of algae in the tropics shelf

depth - Blue Represents the continental shelf


algae


depth+algae

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So my algae map was correct. And I have been reading more about it. And its were you would think its not. Ill get some more info when I get home. I'm at my gpas house on my droid
Looking at those maps, All the areas that have the algae (almost) are areas where there is cold water current flowing through... I'm trying to find a relation between the location, and water conditions in the area that cause the algae growth there, so far cool water currents is the main correlation to the areas...



Here's a map with water currents... The cool water blue dashed areas are where all the algae growth is found on your maps...

-Scott
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cool water, currents, and nutrients. colder water has less life, there for carrying more nutrients than other places such as reefs, where the nutrients are used up by other things. i still wana stick with my original answer and say because or zooxanthellae reefs hold the most.


Geoff you cant leave a class waiting.
you guys are thinking way to hard on this, though i think i may have missed a step also in this process. algae like phosphates. phosphates like to collect where in our system? how does this translate to nature? now, what does this mean for how LR is collected? ;-)

G~
hmm, it seems you got to the answer about using base rock without the intermediary step so i would have thought the intermediary step would be just as easy. no biggie, i must have asked the question poorly.

we know that algae like to grow in high nutrient areas. we know that nutrients settle out in low flow areas. these areas tend to be in lagoons. we know that LR is self cleaning if given enough flow. so, when people are looking at the LR with the most growth on it, where would you guess that LR was farmed? yep, in a lagoon. if it were farmed further out on the reef, then the LR would have a lot different life on it. it would have little algae, and you would occasionally get hard corals growing on it. when was the last time anybody had hard corals growing on the new LR? instead we get mantis shrimp, various types of algae that we then have to deal with. the further out the farm is the more expensive it is for harvesting, this does not make sense. that means that our fresh LR is already loaded with phosphates before we even get them in the tank. just to add another layer to the phosphate mix. nearly all of the LR is farmed on land first then seeded in the ocean. we all know how loaded the land is with phosphates.

now for the good part. this was known back when i started reefing in the late 80's early 90's. when you used to go to the store to get the LR there were 2 bins of it. one was cured and one was fresh. the cured LR costed more than the fresh. that was because the cured LR had been at the store in the bin for several weeks allowing the LR to self clean in the bins releasing most of its phosphates. you did not want the fresh stuff. the fresh stuff coming into vogue in the late 90's to early 2000's was because of the "sand experts" in our hobby saying that we needed the biodiversity in our systems to allow our crazy deep sandbeds to function properly, like in the wild. well they don't. they can't. so here we are, now having to buy fresh LR because for some reason we still think sand systems work magic and we still need the biodiversity. when in fact we are just preloading our systems with loads of phosphates and unwanted hitchhiker critters.

i just tried to see if you can buy cured LR anymore and it looks like Premium Aquatics still does it right. their little blurb describes what was done in every LFS that sold SW worth a darn.

BTW- don't every buy live sand. how can it be live if it is in a bag of water? you guessed it, just more phosphates to add to your system. the best thing you can do to jump start your system would be a very small piece of LR from a system you trust. the smaller the better. that way you can scrutinize it and make sure there are not any unwanted hitchhikers on it. you will be amazed out how even a tiny piece of LR will contain the bristleworms and pods that everyone needs in their system.

any questions? am i boring everyone? making sense? completely off my rocker? any feedback would be good.

G~
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i hate the live sand also, i had to skim the lecture, my gfs here and you know how that goes.

ill read it all later. thanks for coming back to class geoff. when do you not get feed back???? were at 132 posts

not boring at all. in fact i love it
the fresh stuff coming into vogue in the late 90's to early 2000's was because of the "sand experts" in our hobby saying that we needed the biodiversity in our systems to allow our crazy deep sandbeds to function properly, like in the wild. well they don't. they can't. so here we are, now having to buy fresh LR because for some reason we still think sand systems work magic and we still need the biodiversity. when in fact we are just preloading our systems with loads of phosphates and unwanted hitchhiker critters.
You would think, after all this time, after the countless animals that have died, the millions of dollars hobbyists have needlessly spent, the number of OTS cases, and the number of tanks that have completely crashed, this whole typical DSB thing would have died a long time ago. It doesn't work in practice, it doesn't work in theory, and it violates the basic laws of nature, and yet we continue to allow deep piles of rot, filth, and the critters that feed on it, to accumulate on the bottom of our tanks.:confused: We do this in tanks where we are trying to keep some of the most environmentally sensitive creatures of the planet. I will never understand this line of thinking.

any questions? am i boring everyone? making sense? completely off my rocker? any feedback would be good.

G~
Man..... You left the door wide open with the "completely off my rocker" statement,:funny: but that's to easy. I think you're doing a great job.:beer:
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Geoff,
ya know it seems, u can yell at me for this but its just IMVHHO(in my very honest humble opinion), your a DSB hater and try to find any possible reason for it not to work. in my experience and maintenance routine it works great for my tank and its residents. I hardly think im a clean freak, or even want a 'sterile' tank. I see more life, health, productivity, reproductiveness (if thats even a word lol) that way in my tank. my parameters are all great, no big fluctuations unless i move rock around then a small spike in ammonia/phos(mini cycle). Not saying your wrong or your facts are wrong. But DSB works for whatever reason and the only drawback is the unsightly detritus build up on the white sand. but saying that u also have to have a maintenance routine but that goes without saying even if ya have a DSB or BB. if ya have a tank no matter whats in there ya gotta clean up ya just like ya clean the house. Now if we (those with tanks) let it build up to ungodly amounts then it could be a problem but then it wouldnt matter if its a DSB or BB. the chemical reactions/changes that occur would start killing everything. like a trash heap.
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Ntvper- i am not necessarily a DSB hater. i even had one for several years. the truth is they just do not work long term in the manner that was preached to us for so many years. if you are only going to keep a system for 3-4 years, then yes they will work for that length of time. if you are planning on running the system for longer then that then you are going to have to replace the sand bed if you follow proper DSB care procedures. how much data needs to be shown before this DSB method will just go away.

here is some solid study material for anybody who wants to see where i have gleaned nearly all of my knowledge about what is going on. i have posted a few threads about the nitrate cycle. there are the ones about phosphates. i will also include those threads that get to the meat of why DSB's do not work also.

So do skimmer take out phosphates or not.

Why are everyone so afraid to talk about phosphates?

Do Phosphate removers/sponges really work?

Can Phosphate levels be too low?

Aragonite/Calcite phosphate adsoprtion

Does Kalkwasser Really Precipitate Phosphates?

DSB threads worth their read. they also talk about phosphates significantly.

Request for Help + the Funniest Parable I've ever seen on DSB's

Some funny misconceptions I've read about DSB's

Ways To Make DSB's Work (and why many don't)

it will not take long reading through any of these threads, that Spanky knows what he is talking about. he is well respected in the aquarium industry. feel free to ask around to verify if the information in these threads is correct. if you are members of RC, then they know Spanky as Bomber over there.

i will let you all get a good read on those threads before we move on a bit. besides, i need the weekend to study up some more.

G~
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Ntvper- i am not necessarily a DSB hater. i even had one for several years. the truth is they just do not work long term in the manner that was preached to us for so many years. if you are only going to keep a system for 3-4 years, then yes they will work for that length of time. if you are planning on running the system for longer then that then you are going to have to replace the sand bed if you follow proper DSB care procedures. how much data needs to be shown before this DSB method will just go away.

here is some solid study material for anybody who wants to see where i have gleaned nearly all of my knowledge about what is going on. i have posted a few threads about the nitrate cycle. there are the ones about phosphates. i will also include those threads that get to the meat of why DSB's do not work also.

So do skimmer take out phosphates or not.

Why are everyone so afraid to talk about phosphates?

Do Phosphate removers/sponges really work?

Can Phosphate levels be too low?

Aragonite/Calcite phosphate adsoprtion

Does Kalkwasser Really Precipitate Phosphates?

DSB threads worth their read. they also talk about phosphates significantly.

Request for Help + the Funniest Parable I've ever seen on DSB's

Some funny misconceptions I've read about DSB's

Ways To Make DSB's Work (and why many don't)

it will not take long reading through any of these threads, that Spanky knows what he is talking about. he is well respected in the aquarium industry. feel free to ask around to verify if the information in these threads is correct. if you are members of RC, then they know Spanky as Bomber over there.

i will let you all get a good read on those threads before we move on a bit. besides, i need the weekend to study up some more.

G~
will do and keep that in mind mine is only just over a year old so the countdown will start. we shall see. and when or if it fails ill let ya tell me i told ya so lol. nah only a member of this forum started to read the others out there and didnt like the 'tone' if that can be understood lol
nobody is stoping you from starting your own thread and describing and explaining in detail how and why the Adey method works. in this thread i am just breaking down all of the components of what makes our systems work. our systems are nothing more than petri boxes. in order for us to keep the critters we want we have to keep the bacteria happy and in balance. if they are not in balance then the system suffers, well actually your eyes suffer.

G~
nah i wouldnt do that for a few reasons. theres enough debates on here that i can get on without starting one lmao. though since ya did bring it up i could start one on 'why do ya want to keep a sterile tank' roflmao.
our systems are nothing more than petri boxes. in order for us to keep the critters we want we have to keep the bacteria happy and in balance. if they are not in balance then the system suffers, well actually your eyes suffer.

G~
well said geoff.
nah i wouldnt do that for a few reasons. theres enough debates on here that i can get on without starting one lmao. though since ya did bring it up i could start one on 'why do ya want to keep a sterile tank' roflmao.
explain sterile? our systems are completely bacterial driven. how is that sterile? both the Berlin method and the Adey Method both have the same critters in the system?

G~
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