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The main problem I see with the drawing as I interpret them is that you are drawing water from the tank without the safty features of an overflow setup, since the drawing shows but the intake to the fuge and the return well below th water line, it will drain down to at least that point. The setup you show for the in and out on the main tank is typical of closed loops, ie the circulation pump is plumbed inline with the in and out, with no part of the system open to air, hence the term closed loop
What you are showing looks more like a typical sump setup, water flows into an open sump, then is pumped back into the main tank. An overflow of some kind is neccessary to maintain a set water level in the tank and prevent the sump from flooding
Originally refugiums were a seperate tank setup slightly higher than the display with a slow stream of water pumped from the display into the refuge, which then gravity drains back into the display. That prevents the copepods and other planktonal issue from the animals breeding in the refugium from being shredded by a pump or powerhead.
Over time the refuge concept kinda got absorbed into algae filters combined with sumps and the lines blurred
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