Its called polyp bailout. Its a stressed induced strategy of reproduction/ salvation. It is usually casued by a sudden large change in water parameters, lighting, or possibly even trying to eat too much food that is too big for it to really consume.
It can be a number of things that cause this actually.
I have actually had 5 heads of a 9 headed frogspawn do that one timeand found a fleshy polyp still alive behind my rocks SIX MONTHS later after the fact. I shouldhave left it be, becasue when i tried to place it, it ended up floating around in my water column and disappeared.
When it happened to me it was back when i still thought my well water from the base of the cascades was pure enough to use straight out of the tap.

Well it was kinda.....until my phosphate level went through the roof all of a sudden and the loss of half of that frogspawn was the least of my problems.
The remaining 4 heads came out of it and the heads that i havent fragged are still alive in one of my tanks.