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For whatever reason, it seems that freshwater takes less time to cycle than salt? am i correct in thinking this or have i just been lucky?
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The
nitrogen cycle isn't dependant on the salinity really, so there should be no real difference, it was most likely the setups involved or how it was cycled.
I myself am fond of using ammonia to cycle a tank, I think it's the only real balanced way of doing it. You know how much ammonia goes into the water, and you can accurately test it's depeletion rate. With adding decaying matter (shrimp, etc) you don't really know how much ammonia you've added to the tank. Could be very little, could be a lot, unless you test daily or hourly you won't know what your peak ammonia was. You'll only have a general idea, which works, it's just not my perfered method.
You will of course get some bacteria in your water column, but not as much as if you were to move some substate over. Like Deborah said, most of the bacteria is on the surface area of the tank, mainly in the substrate and wood/rocks. Move a little substate over with the old tank water, your old tank water should have nitrogen in it which the bacteria in your substrate can get started on.
I'll also run a powerhead in an existing tank with a
sponge filter on it for several weeks and then move the powerhead to the new tank, this has worked very well.
-Wes